"[链接]使用 Linux 首次登录需要把 mysql 加入环境变量 $PATH [root@dl-001 ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ #说明：此时可以使用命令 # mysql -u ...."

dingle

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Linux专题 • 0 回帖 • 581 浏览 • 2018-10-03 23:19:46

配置 Mysql

使用 Linux 首次登录需要把 mysql 加入环境变量 $PATH

[root@dl-001 ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
	#说明：此时可以使用命令 # mysql -uroot就可以登录mysql。但是需要添加到配置文件中重启才会永久生效。配置如下：

[root@dl-001 ~]# vim /etc/profile    //添加至配置文件中
.........................
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
.........................
[root@dl-001 ~]# source /etc/profile    //保存退出之后，要刷新才会生效

登录 mysql

[root@dl-001 ~]# mysql -uroot -p    
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> quit
Bye

说明： -u 指定的是用户，-p 指定的是密码。首次登录密码默认为空，直接回车即可。

设置密码并登录

[root@dl-001 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 'mysqldl991124'    // 设置密码
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[root@dl-001 ~]# mysql -uroot    //设置密码完成之后，不指定密码是登录不成功的，需要-p指定密码。
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

[root@dl-001 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'mysqldl991124'    //指定密码即可登录。
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

说明：登录时，也可以使用 #mysql -uroot -p 此时不输入密码直接回车，在下一行中也会提示输入密码。这两种方式都可以登录。
注意：的是 mysql 每执行一段命令，命令的结尾要加上; 才会生效。

更改密码并登录

1，当知道原密码时，进行密码更改

[root@dl-001 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'mysqldl991124' password '1234567'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
//说明：第一个''是原密码，第二个''是更改后的密码。需要输入正确的原密码才能更改成功。

[root@dl-001 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'1234567'    //指定更改后的密码并登录
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>                 //成功登录

2，当忘记原密码时，进行密码更改

步骤：

1，编辑 vim /etc/my.cnf 添加配置文件 skip-grant ；
2，重启 mysql # /etc/init.d/mysqld restart ；
3，此时不用输入密码登录到 mysql # mysql -uroot ；
4，在 mysql 中修改密码并退出 mysql> update user set password=password(‘mysqldl991124’) where user=‘root’; ；
5，在删除 /etc/my.cnf 中添加的配置文件；
6，重启 mysql # /etc/init.d/mysqld restart；
7，此时就可以使用更改后的密码登录了！！！

具体操作如下：

[root@dl-001 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf   
[mysqld]
skip-grant        //1，添加此行即可。意思是忽略授权。也就是说不用用户名密码了，只能就能登录mysql。
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
 
[root@dl-001 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart          //2，重新启动
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL....... SUCCESS! 
// 说明： 完成该操作之后就可以无需密码登录mysql了，所以此时mysql安全性很差，平时配置文件中一定不要添加该参数。

[root@dl-001 ~]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>        //登录成功

mysql> use mysql;    //切换mysql库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from user    //该表中存放的是用户相关信息（密码、授权…）
    -> ;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+------------------+
| Host      | User | Password                                  | Select_priv | Insert_priv | Update_priv | Delete_priv | Create_priv | Drop_priv | Reload_priv | Shutdown_priv | Process_priv | File_priv | Grant_priv | References_priv | Index_priv | Alter_priv | Show_db_priv | Super_priv | Create_tmp_table_priv | Lock_tables_priv | Execute_priv | Repl_slave_priv | Repl_client_priv | Create_view_priv | Show_view_priv | Create_routine_priv | Alter_routine_priv | Create_user_priv | Event_priv | Trigger_priv | Create_tablespace_priv | ssl_type | ssl_ci

...................................

mysql> select password from user where user='root';    //查看root用户的密码
+-------------------------------------------+
| password                                  |
+-------------------------------------------+
| *6A7A490FB9DC8C33C2B025A91737077A7E9CC5E5 |        //此密码是使用password生成的
|                                           |
|                                           |
|                                           |
+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set password=password('mysqldl991124') where user='root';    //更改密码为 mysqldl991124
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0

mysql> exit
Bye
//此时密码已经更改完成，但是需要，恢复配置文件重启并登录。操作如下

[root@dl-001 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
skip-grant    //删除此行
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
    //wq保存退出
[root@dl-001 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart     //重新启动mysql
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

[root@dl-001 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'mysqldl991124'    //使用更改后的密码登录成功！
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>